When choosing a needle size, the weight of the patient, age, amount of adipose tissue, medication viscosity, and injection site all influence the needle selection (Hunter, 2008 Perry et al., 2014 Workman, 1999).
An IM site is chosen based on the age and condition of the patient and the volume and type of medication injected. The technique of IM injections has changed over the past years due to evidence-based research and changes in equipment available for the procedure. In addition, muscle tissue is less sensitive than subcutaneous tissue to irritating solutions and concentrated and viscous medications (Greenway, 2014 Perry et al., 2014 Rodgers & King, 2000). Due to their rich blood supply, IM injection sites can absorb larger volumes of solution, which means a range of medications, such as sedatives, anti-emetics, hormonal therapies, analgesics, and immunizations, can be administered intramuscularly in the community and acute care setting (Hunter, 2008 Ogston-Tuck, 2014a).
The IM site is used for medications that require a quick absorption rate but also a reasonably prolonged action (Rodgers & King, 2000). Intramuscular (IM) injections deposit medications into the muscle fascia, which has a rich blood supply, allowing medications to be absorbed faster through muscle fibres than they are through the subcutaneous route (Malkin, 2008 Ogston-Tuck, 2014a Perry et al., 2014).
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